Relationship between smoking, metabolic syndrome and atherogenic index

This study was done to explore the relationship between components of metabolic syndrome and smoking. In this analytical cross-sectional study in Ahvaz, south west of Iran, the gathering data sheet was completed. Body mass index, abdominal and waist circumference, Fasting Blood sugar, Triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL and HDL levels, systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured. Atherogenic index, predictor of myocardial infarction, and Brinkman index to investigate cumulative impact of cigarette smoking was calculated. Of the 944 participants, 16.1% were smokers. Among male participants, 24.8% and in female participants, 8.7% were smokers. There was no significant correlation between cigarette smoking and metabolic syndrome. Systolic blood pressure, waist circumference and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in smokers. Comparison of Atherogenic index in participants with and without metabolic syndrome in smokers and non-smokers showed significant difference. In male participants, Atherogenic index was higher than female. Brinkman index showed no significant relationship with metabolic syndrome and its components. Smoking does not show relationship with metabolic syndrome, but has a relationship with mean systolic blood pressure, serum triglyceride levels and waist circumference. Atherogenic index was higher in participants with metabolic syndrome, cigarette smoking and male gender. Brinkman index had no correlation with metabolic syndrome and its components

relationship between salivary beta-2 microglobulin and uremia intensity in men with chronic renal failure

This study defines the relationship between salivary beta-2 microglobulin [beta 2-M] and intensity of uremia in male patients diagnosed with chronic renal failure [CRF]. In total of 42 males were enrolled in a case-control study. There were 21 cases of CRF and 21 control cases. We collected 10cc of saliva plus 5 cc of blood from all patients to determine beta 2-M, blood urea nitrogen [BUN] and creatinine [Cr] levels. There was a correlation between the level of serum BUN and salivary urea in controls and patients, which was statistically significant for controls [p=0.028].The correlation between serum and salivary Cr was 0.195 in controls [p=0.398] and 0.598 in patients [p=0.006], which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum and saliva was 0.133 [p=0.566] in controls and 0.078 [p=0.737] in patients, which was not statistically significant. The correlation between serum BUN and beta 2-M was 0.168 [p=0.469] in the control group and 0.629 [p=0.002] in patients, which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum Cr and beta 2-M was 0.110 [p=0.635] in the control group and 0.678 [p=0.001] in patients, which was statistically significant in patients. The correlation between serum BUN and salivary beta 2-M was 0.093 [p=0.0690] in controls and 0.152 [p=0.152] in patients, which was not statistically significant. The correlation between serum Cr and salivary beta 2-M was 0.072 [p=0.070] in the control group and 0.286 [p=0.209] in patients, which was not statistically significant in either group. The results of the study indicated that salivary beta 2-M cannot be used as a non-invasive indicator to detect the severity of renal failure

Risk assessment of patients with diabetes for foot ulcers according to risk classification consensus of international working group on diabetic foot [IWGDF]

The aim was assessment of diabetic foot ulcer risk factors according to International Working Group on the Diabetic Foot [IWGDF] consensus. All referred patients with diabetes were divided into four groups based on IWGDF criteria [without neuropathy, with neuropathy, neuropathy with deformity or vascular disorders, foot ulcer or amputation history]. Mean age of patients was 53.8 +/- 10.7 years. Two hundred and sixty nine patients [62/6%] were female and 161[37/4%] were male. Twenty three percent had disturbed sense of vibration, 26% had decreased sensitivity to monofilaments and 17% had decreased pain sensation. Ankle brachial index [ABI] was abnormal in 6%. About 7% had history of prior ulcer. Patients were classified into four risk groups according to IWGDF criteria. Two hundred and seventy seven patients [65%] were in group 0, 75[17%] in group 1, 47 [11%] in group 2 and 31 [7%] in group 3. Patients in higher-risk groups had higher age, longer diabetes duration, higher HbA1C and less training [p=0.0001, 0.001, 0.0001, 0.021 respectively]. The risk was higher in the presence of retinopathy [p=0.005]. Patient's sex, BMI, smoking and nephropathy did not have significant correlation with risk of diabetic foot ulcer. This study showed that increase of age, duration of diabetes and HbA1c, lack of training and presence of retinopathy increases the risk of diabetic foot ulcers

Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women with gestational and pre-gestational diabetes

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate thyroid function tests in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus [GDM] and pre-gestational DM and control group

Methodology: There were 61 pregnant diabetic women in study group and 35 pregnant women in control group. Serum T4, T3, T3RU, FTI, TSH and Anti TPO Ab were assessed in each person

Results: About 36% of patients had GDM and 64% pre-gestational DM. Thyroid dysfunction was detected in 18% of study group compared with 8.6% of control group [P = 0.2]. There was Thyroid dysfunction in 4.5% of GDM and 25.6% of pregestational DM [P = 0.045]. There was no statistically significant difference between thyroid dysfunction in GDM group and control group [P=0.99].27% of GDM and 36% of pregestational DM and 23% of control group had positive titer of Anti TPO Ab without statistically significant differences among the three groups

Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is prevalent in women with pre-gestational DM so, thyroid function should be evaluated in these patients during pregnancy. Rate of thyroid dysfunction in GDM patients is similar to normal pregnant control women. High prevalence of positive titer of TPO Ab was seen in diabetic and nondiabetic pregnant women

[Anthropometric indices, fat-free mass index and their relationship with pulmonary function in COPD patients]

Loss of body weight and depletion of muscle mass are common nutritional problems in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease [COPD] patients. They are associated with increase disability, reduction of respiratory and skeletal muscle mass and strength, and these exert destructive effects on pulmonary function and quality of life in COPD patients. The aim of the current study was to assess the anthropometric indices and Fat-Free Mass Index and their relationship with pulmonary function in COPD patients in Hazrat Rasool Akram hospital in Tehran. This cross sectional study comprised 63 stable COPD patients, with a mean age [SD] of 67.6 [9.4] years in disease stages 2 to 4. In this study, assessment of anthropometric indices included BMI [Body Mass Index], TSF [Triceps Skinfold Thickness], MAMC [Mid Arm Muscle Circumference] and FFMI [Fat-Free Mass Index] analyzed by bioelectric impedance categorized by percentiles according to the severity of disease. Also spirometry for measuring FEV1, FVC, FEV1/ FVC, VC was performed on all participating COPD patients. Fisher's Exact Test was used for assessing relation between anthropometric indices and FFMI with stages of disease. Assessment of relationship between anthropometric indices, FFMI and respiratory factors was performed using Pearson's Correlation Coefficient test. SPSS V.12 was used for data analysis. Reduction of weight, depletion of fat mass and fat-free mass was observed in different disease stages. Reduction of body mass index, and depletion of muscle mass showed a significant increase as the disease progressed, MAMC [P=0/02] and BMI [P=0/04]. After assessing relationship between anthropometric indices and FFMI with respiratory factors, results showed significant relationship between BMI [P=0.02, r = 0.2] and MAMC [P=0.03, r = 0.2] with FEV1. Reduction of weight, depletion of muscle and fat mass were observed in many patients along with an increase in the severity of the disease. In regard to these results, measurement of anthropometric indices in addition to BMI in routine evaluation of COPD patients, provide more information about nutritional abnormalities and alterations in body composition usually occurs in COPD patients